Trichoderma spp. from Pine Bark and Pine Bark Extracts: Potent Biocontrol Agents against Botryosphaeriaceae

Pinus sylvestris bark represents a rich source of active compounds with antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential P. against Botryosphaeria dothidea, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Neofusicoccum parvum (Botryosphaeriaceae) through its chemical (water extracts) biological (Trichoderma spp. isolated from bark) components. water extracts were prepared at two temperatures (80 120 °C) pH regimes (7 9). presence (30%) caused inhibition mycelial growth B. dothidea D. sarmentorum for 39 44% 53 60%, respectively. Moreover, we studied antagonistic effect three Trichoderma isolates originating pine bark. reduced by 67%–85%, 63%–75% N. 55%–62%. Microscopic examination confirmed typical mycoparasitism manifestations (coiling, parallel growth, hook-like structures). produced cellulase, ?-glucosidase N-acetyl-?-glucosaminidase. volatile blend detected emission several antimicrobial activity, including nonanoic acid, cubenene, cis-?-bergamotene, hexanedioic verticillol. present in vitro Botryosphaeriaceae. is an important step towards use environmentally friendly methods Botryosphaeriaceae disease control.